Since most clinical trials to date have looked at the effects of taurine in combination with other ingredients such as caffeine, creatine, and glucose 31– 35 in drinks such as Red Bull, these studies cannot be used to determine the effects of taurine alone. 26– 29 People who eat meat and seafood have plentiful taurine intake, whereas vegetarians and vegans consume much less and have significantly lower circulating levels 30 because plants do not contain taurine in appreciable amounts. 25 Foods such as poultry, beef, pork, seafood, and processed meats have a high taurine content ( Table 2). Taurine is plentiful in the human body, which contains up to 1 g of taurine per kg.
BULL TAURINE FULL
23, 24 Popular brands include Red Bull, Monster, Rockstar ( Table 1), NOS, Amp, and Full Throttle. 20– 22 Analyses have found that of 49 nonalcoholic energy drinks tested, the average concentration of taurine was 3,180 mg/L, or approximately 750 mg per 8-oz serving. 1 In 2012, US sales of energy drinks exceeded $12 billion, 19 with young men, particularly those in the military deployed in war zones, being the biggest consumers. Unfortunately, little is known about the effects of taurine supplementation in humans.Įnergy drinks are widely consumed in the United States, with an estimated 354 million gallons sold in 2009, or approximately 5.25 L / year per person over age 10. 1, 2 Given the tremendous popularity of these drinks in the United States, it would seem important to know and to recognize taurine’s neuroendocrine effects. T aurine-an amino acid found in abundance in the human brain, retina, heart, and reproductive organs, as well as in meat and seafood-is also a major ingredient in “energy drinks” ( Table 1). It is structurally analogous to gamma-aminobutyric acid, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Taurine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.
Supplementation has been proposed to have beneficial effects in epilepsy, heart failure, cystic fibrosis, and diabetes, and has been shown in animal studies to protect against neurotoxic insults from alcohol, ammonia, lead, and other substances. Taurine has been reported to have anti-inflammatory action.
Energy drinks are widely consumed in the United States, with an estimated 354 million gallons sold in 2009, or approximately 5.25 L/year per person over age 10.
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